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Juan de Yciar or Iciar (16th century) was a calligraphist and mathematician active in Zaragoza in the middle of 16th century. == Life and work == Little is known about the life of Juan de Yciar and it is known by his self-explanations in the preface of one of his books.〔, pages 247–248.〕 Born in Durango (north of actual Spain) circa 1523, he was gone to Zaragoza in his young age,〔, page 118.〕 probably due to some familiar adverse circumstances.〔, page 69.〕 When he was fifty years old, he was ordered priest and he was living in Logroño,〔, page 150.〕 where it is supposed he was death in unknown date, but after 1573. Yciar is known mainly by his work on calligraphy, edited first time in Zaragoza in 1548〔, page 209.〕 titled ''Recopilacion subtilissima: intitulada Ortographia pratica: por la qual se enseña á escreuir perfectamente'',〔, page 70.〕 wich was extended, modified and reedited many times, with different titles, during 16th century. It is a book to teach writing in wich there are from pedagogic rules〔, pages 71–72.〕 to different types of letters,〔, pages 74–75 and 136–137.〕 going by formulas to make inks or ways to cut quills.〔, page 73.〕 The success of the book resides in the fact that codification of a standard legible hand was indispensable to the functioning of an imperial bureaucracy that raising imperial Spain needed.〔, page 231.〕 The plate engravings had been made by the French engraver Juan de Vingles, who worked in several Spanish towns during 16th century.〔, pages 225–226.〕 The editions of 1564 and onward had attached and annex on arithmetic written by Juan Gutiérrez de Gualda. In 1549, and also in Zaragoza, he published a book on elementary arithmetic, with pedagogical goals, titled ''Arithmetica practica, muy util y provechoso para toda persona que quisiere ejercitar se en aprender a contar''.〔, page 139.〕〔, page 117.〕 Despite the small success of this book, it is also a sample of the learning needs of the tradesmen in an era of growing of trade.〔, page 121.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juan de Yciar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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